Dalio’s inquisitions, in Copeland’s telling, could get overtly cruel. He once berated a top deputy—a woman so impassive and glacial she was nicknamed the Ice Queen—until she broke down into what Copeland describes as “animalistic sobbing.” (The woman did not respond to The New Yorker’s request for comment.) The subsequent training video, titled “Pain + Reflection = Progress,” became required viewing for job candidates